Short notes on Bhakti Movement - Indian History.

Thursday, 4 July 2013

Important points on Bhakti Movement related to Indian History.

BHAKTHI MOVEMENT

1.  Shankaracharya was the leader of Hindu Revivalist Movement?
2. The doctrine of Sankaracharya was Adwait a or Pure Monism.
3. Ramanuja built up the philosophy of Vishistadvaita or qualified monism.
4. Kabir, Ramananda and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu were the later exponents of the Bhakti Movement.
5. Ramananda founded a new school of Vaishnavism.
6. Kabir was the greatest among the disciples of Ramananda.
7. Kabir said, ‘Call him Ram, Rahim, Allah, Hari, govind, but he is one’.
8. The earliest Vaishnava Bhakti saints from the South were Alvers.
9. The Bhakti Saint who was greatly influenced by Islam was Namdev.
10. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikh religion declared “There is no Hindu, there is no Musalman”.
11. Madhavacharya was an exponent of Dwaita Philosophy.
12. Advent of Portuguest Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese navigator was the first to discover a sea route from Europe to India in 1498.
13. He first arrived at Kappad near Kozhikode in Kerala.
14. Saint Gabriel is the name of the ship in which Vasco da gama landed at Kappad near Kozhikode.
15. He was followed by the Dutch (1595) the British (1600) and finally the French in 1664.
16. His second arrival was in the year 1502.
17. His third arrival was in 1524.
18. He died at Fort Cochin.
19. The first Portuguese Governor in India was Francisco-de-Almeida.
20. Portuguese capital was shifted from Kochi to Goa by Albuquerque.
21. The Portuguese were the first to seek direct sea routes for trade links with India.
22. The real founder of the Portuguese empire in the East was Alfonso de Albuquerque.

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Short notes on Sikhism

Important points about Sikhism

SIKHISM

1. Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism?
2. Guru Nanak was born at Talwandi in Pakistan in the year 1469.
3. He believed in the unity of God and Brotherhood of man.
4. He was the first Guru of the Sikhs.
5. Guru Arjun dev was the fifth guru of Sikhs.
6. He built the world famous Harmandar Sahib, Popularly known as the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
7. He also complied the holy book of Sikhs named Granth Sahib, which is also known as Adi Granth.
8. Guru Tej Bahadur was executed by Aurangzeb.
9. Guru Hargobind trained the Sikhs in military art, and fought several battles with the Mughals.
10. Guru Bobind Singh was the tenth and the last guru of the Sikhs.
11. He organized a militant force name ‘Khalsa’
12. Maharaja Ranjit Singh unified a Sikh state.

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Short notes on Vijayanagara Empire

Important points of Vijayanagara Empire

VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE.

1. The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Harihara and Bukka under the inspiration of Guru Vidyaranya.
2. Harihara and Bukka belong to Sangama Dynasty.
3. The other dynasties of the empire were Saluva, Taluva and Aravidu.
4. The most important ruler of this empire was Krishnadevaraya. Hampi was his capital.
5. Krishnadevaraya belongs to Taluva Dynasty.
6. He wrote a book named ‘Amuktamalyada’.
7. The king had unlimited powers in the Vijayanagar empire
8. The Musical instrument that acquired a prominent place in the Vijayanagar empire was Vina.
9. The river on whose bank was the city of Vijayanagar located – Tungabhadra.
10. The founder of the city of Ahmedabad was Ahmed Shah-I.
11. Who founded the fortress city Mandu- the Capital of Malwa? Hushang Shah.
12. The Battle of Talikota which was fought between Vijayanagara Empire and Bahmani Sultans in the year 1565 resulted in the collapse of the empire.
13. The ruins of the Vijayanagara Empire can be seen at Hampi in Karnataka.
14. Nicolo Conti, the Venetian Traveller visited Vijayanagara Empire.
15. Abdur Razzak, the Persian Ambassador also visited this empire.
16. Tenali Raman, the well known jester was in the court of Krishnadevaraya.

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Short notes on Marathas Kingdom

Short notes on Marathas Kingdom

1. The power of Marathas was established by Shivaji.
2. Shivaji was born at Shivner in the year 1627 AD.
3. His capital was at Raigarh.
4. He was crowned at Raigarh Fort and assumed the title ‘Chhatrapathi’.
5. Shivaji was the most powerful among the Maratha Kings.
6. Shaji Bhosle was the father of Shivaji.
7. Balaji Vishwanath was the first Peshwa of Marathas.
8. Peshwa in Maratha administration refers to the Prime Minister.
9. Baji Rao was the ablest of the Peshwa rulers.  Shivaji did not allow women in his Military camp.
10. The Marathas were equipped with an efficient naval system under Shivaji.
11. Who was Dadaji Kondadeva? Shivaji’s Guardian tutor.
12. Which was the capital of Shivaji is Kingdom? Rajgarh.
13. Balaji Baji Rao was a Peshwa of Marathas.
14. During his period the third battle of Panipat was fought between Ahamed Shah Abdali and  Marathas in the year 1761.
15. In this battle the Marathas were completely destroyed by the Persian Invader.

Tags :- Short notes on Marathas, Maratha kingdom, Shivaji, Chatrapathi, powerful.

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All about Mughal Dynasty

Tuesday, 18 June 2013

MUGHAL DYNASTY

1. Mughal dynasty was founded in the year 1526.
2. The first battle of Panipat was also fought in the year 1526 between Babar and Ibrahim Lodhi.
3. The Victory of Babar in this battle also led the establishment of Mughal Dynasty.
4. Babar died in the year 1531 and Humayn ascended the throne.
5. In 1527, the Battle of Kanua took place in which Babar defeated MahaRana Sangram Singh of Mewar.
6. 1528, Babar defeated Daulatkhan Lodhi and Sultan Medini Rai.
7. Lodhi Dynasty was founded by Bahlul Lodhi.
8. Babar was a great warrior, Scholar and poet.
9. His memories “Tuzuk-I-Babri” was written in Turki.
10. Babar was better known as an adventurer than as a ruler.
11. Akbar is the Mughal emperor who is said to be illiterate.
12. Akbar was born at Amarkot in 1542.
13. Akbar ascended the throne at the age of 14.
14. Akbar was crowned at Kalanaur in 1556.
15. Bairam khan was the tutor and regent of Akbar.
16. In the Second Battle of Pani Pat in 1556, Akbar defeated Hemu.
17. Akar also defeated Maha Rana Pratap of Mewar at the Battle of Haldighati in the year 1576.
18. Fatehpur Sikri was the city founded by Akbar to commemorate his victory over Gujrat.
19. Ibadatkhana in Fatehpur Sikri was built by Akbar for religious discussion.
20. Akbar also built Buland Darwaza.
21. He also founded a new religion named Din-e-illhi.
22. Akbar was a patron of art, Scholar and states men like Abul Fazal (Court Poet who wrote Akbarnama and Ain-e-Akbari), Faizi (Poet), Todar Mal, Birbal (the administrator), Tansen (The great musician) and Tulsidas (The great Hindi poet who wrote Ramcharitamanas), lived in the court of Akbar.
23. Tansen’s real name was Ramtanu Pande.
24. Akbar’s tomb is situated in Sikandra.
25. Akbar introduced the land revenue system called Zabti system.
26. Akbar abolished Jezia Pilgrim Tax levied on non Muslim.
27. He also introduced Mansabdari system to strengthen his Military.
28. The most important contribution of Akbar was in the field of administration.
29. Tobacco was introduced in India by Portuguese at the time of Akbar.
30. Which ruler was described by J.N.Sarkar as the “Greatest of the Great Mughals save one” Aurangzeb.
31. Sher Shah is most notable for his land revenue policy.
32. The largest number of books on classical music were written during the reign of Aurangzeb.
33. The Mughal mosque that is also regarded as the “Pearl Mosque – Moti Masjid at Agra”.
34. The Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar was borrowed from the system in Mongolia.
35. The capital of the Moghal Empire was shifted from Agra to Delhi by Shah Jahan.
36. The two great Mughal rulers who wrote their own memories are Babur and Jehangir.
37. Akbar’s land revenue system was known as Zabti system.
38. Akbar was ignorant of the art of reading and writing.
39. Jehangir, the son of Akbar, whose original name was Salim.
40. He was best known for his strict administration of Justice.
41. He installed the ‘Chain of Justice’.
42. Sir, Thomas Roe and Wiliam Hawkins, the Ambassadors of James I, visited the court of Jehangir
43. The most important contribution of Jehangir was in the field of Painting.
44. He built Shalimar and Nishat Gardens in Srinagar.
45. He died in 1627 and was buried at Lahore.
46. Administration during his period was done by his wife Nur Jahan.
47. He executed Sikh Guru Arjun Deve who compiled the Guru Grantha Sahib.
48. The period of Shajahan was called “ the Golden age of the Mughals”.
49. His main contribution was in the field of art and architecture.
50. He also built Red Fort, Juma Masjid and Moti Masjid.
51. He possessed the Peacock throne which was later looted to Iran by nadirshah, the Persian Invader. At present it is in Britain.
52. He is called ‘the price of builders’.
53. The architect of Taj Mahal was Ustab Isa.
54. The original name of Shahajahan was Kurram
55. Aurangzeb was the son of Shajahan
56. He ascended the throne with the title ‘Alamgir’ (Conqueror of the world).
57. He was the last great Mughal emperor.
58. Aurangzeb executed Guru Tej Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru.
59. Guru Govind Singh, the tenth and the last Guru, the Son of Guru Tej Bahadur organized his followers into a militant force called ‘Khalsa’ at Anandpur Sahib.
60. Aurangzeb faced tough opposition from the Marathas,.
61. He died in the year 1707 and was buried near Daulatabad.
62. Shershah Suri was an Afghan who defeated Humayan in the battle of Kannauj in 1540.
63. He founded ‘Sur’ Dynasty in India.
64. He also defeated Humayun at the Battle of Chausa in the year 1539.
65. He built Grand Trunk Road which runs between Calcutta and Amritsar.
66. He introduced one rupee coin for the first time in India.
67. His read name was Farid.
68. He also introduced a regular postal service and also attempted to fix standard weights and measures.
69. He is also regarded as the forerunner of Akbar.
70. His tomb is located at Sasaram.
71. The last Moghal emperor, Bahadurshah II was also known as Bahadurshah Zafar.
72. He as made Emperor of India during th e1857 Sepoy Mutiny. The Britist exiled him to Rangoon.
73. Vakil in the Mughal administration was the Prime Minister. He was also called Wazir.
74. The pay master in the Mughal Military is called Mir Bakshi.
75. The Deccan policy was the main policy of Aurangzeb.

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Short notes on Tuglaq dynasty - Indian History

Thursday, 13 June 2013

TUGLAQ DYNASTY Short notes - Indian Histry

• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq as founder of Tughlaq Dynasty.
• Original name of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaw as Ghazi Malik.
• Mohammad-bin-Tuglaq was an important ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty.
• He shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri and renamed it as Daulatabad and then brought it back to Delhi again.
• He is also known as ‘Wisest fool’.
• Iban Batuta called him ‘an ill starred idealist’.
• He introduced token currency of bronze and copper.
• Ibn Batuta, an African traveler visited India during the reign of Mohammed bin Tuglaq.
• Firuz-sha-tuglaq was another ruler of this dynasty who introduced ‘Jeziya’ a tax on Non-Muslims.
• He also constructed large number of canals.
• The Lodi dynasty was the first Afghan or Pathan dynasty.
• The Qutub Minar honours the famous saint Khwaja Qutub-ud-din-Bakhtiyar Kaki.
• Music was banned by Sultan Giyas Ud-din-Tughlaq.
• The Jeziya was abolished by Akbar in 1564.
• But later it was re-imposed by Aurangzeb.
• Timur, the Turkish army chief attacked India in the year 1398.
• Timur’s invasion led to the destruction of the Tughlaq Dynasty.
• The capity of Tughlaq dynasty was Delhi.
• The last ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty was Sultan Mohammed Tughlaq.
• The sayyad dynasty was founded by Khizar Khan.

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Short Notes on Khilji Dynasty - Indian History

Khilji Dynasty short notes on Indian History

KHILJI DYNASTY

• The Khilji dynasty was founded by Jalaluddin Khilji.
• Jalaluddin Khilji founded Khilji dynasty in the year 1290AD.
• Alauddin Khilji was the most famous ruler of Khilji dynasty.
• His original name was Ali Gurshasp.
• He introduced an effective market regulation in India.
• Amir Khusru was the court poet of Alauddin.
• Alauddin was the first iNdian ruler who maintained large standing army and artillery.
• He was the only medieval ruler who captured south India.
• The rist marriage between a Muslim ruler and a Hindu Princess was done between Alauddin and Kamala Devi, the widow of the ruler of Gujarat.
• He also built Siri Fort at Delhi.
• Alauddin took the title ‘Sikandar-I-Saini’ or the Second Alexander.
• Malik Kafur was the Prime Minister and Commander in Chief of Alauddin Khilji.
• He captured south India for Allaudin.
• He also killed Alauddin by poisoning him.
• Mubaraksha was the last ruler of Khilji dynasty.
• Jalaluddin Khilji is also credited for expelling Mongols from India in this year 1292.
• The capital of Khilji Dynasty was Delhi.

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